OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA (OR APNEA) IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE (BP)

A study done by the researchers at the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, United States shows a four-fold increase to high blood pressure (BP), a risk factor to a heart attack with mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnoea (or apnea). Health specialists from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Westchester, Illinois, United States says mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnoea (or apnea) is associated with almost three times increased risk for diabetes compared with individuals without sleep apnoea (or apnea). They also say young and middle-aged adults are strongly associated with risks with mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnoea (or apnea). Risks will be more

• Among those individuals who are associated with sedentary behavior
• Among those individuals who consume more salt
• The older adult individual with age more than 65 years
• Obese or overweight individuals

Researchers came to the above conclusion after conducting analytical studies among 1,741 adult participants from the Penn State Adult Cohort. Yun Li, a researcher in the study, says young and middle-aged adults suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea (or apnea) should take treatment to prevent heart attacks as the condition is a risk factor to increased high blood pressure (BP). Lead author of the study was Professor Alexandros N Vgontzas, Department of Psychiatry, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and the study findings were published online in the journal Sleep.

       
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CONTROLLING WEEKS OF BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS WITH A NEW BIOPOLYMER INJECTION

The risk for serious complications increases to a diabetic patient unless the patient controls blood sugar levels within normal range. Even though there are a number of treatment options available for the patient, including insulin, diabetes patient struggles to keep blood sugar levels within normal range. Researchers at the Duke University Graduate School, Durham, North Carolina, United States have invented an elastin-like polypeptide, a solution, which can replace daily or weekly insulin requirement of the body. This new drug can be injected once or twice per month. The drug can be injected with a normal needle into the body.

A biodegradable gel will be formed in the body with the injected elastin-like polypeptide solution due to the body heat. The drug will be released slowly and steadily through this gel, without showing high and low levels of insulin, a trouble with other GLP1 drug delivery treatments. This biopolymer injection drug lasts three times longer compared to another form of drugs.

Researchers conducted successful tests with the rhesus monkey models and they are planning to conduct tests with other animal models. The first author of the study was Kelli Luginbuhl, a student and the senior author of the study was Professor Ashutosh Chilkoti, Biomedical Engineering at the Duke University Graduate School. The study findings were published in the Nature Biomedical Engineering.

       
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DIAGONAL EARLOBE CREASE (DELC) OR FRANK'S SIGN COULD PREDICT RISK OF CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS DISEASE

A crease or fold in the skin of the earlobe is called diagonal earlobe crease (DELC) or Frank's sign. A study done by Chinese researchers says the risk for heart disease of an individual can be linked to the presence of diagonal earlobe creases (called DELCs) and this risk is independent of normal cardiac risk factors. Researchers found that adult individuals with just one creased earlobe are at higher risk of coronary artery stenosis compared with non-creased ears. Significant higher incidents of coronary artery stenosis among individuals with both ears having creased earlobe when compared with individuals with one creased earlobe or no creased earlobe. In medical terms, narrowing of a body channel is called stenosis.

Researchers followed more than 500 adult artery disease patients, aged between 36 and 91 and came to the above conclusion. Bilateral diagonal earlobe crease (DELC) or Frank's sign is more common among

• Male individuals
• Old age individuals
• Individuals suffering from severe coronary artery atherosclerosis

The current study shows coronary heart disease can be identified in a simple and practical way with DELCs. But further research is required to uncover the association between DELCs and coronary heart disease (CHD). Some researchers suggested that DELCs condition may be due to impaired circulation or due to genetics. The study findings were published in the BMJ.

       
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