Article 210   Published on July 5, 2017

A study at the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, the United States shows a four-fold increase in blood pressure (BP), a risk factor to a heart attack with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea (or apnoea).

Health specialists from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Westchester, Illinois, the United States has found that mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea (or apnoea) is associated with almost three times increased the risk for diabetes compared with individuals without sleep apnea (or apnoea). They say that the association is strong in the young and middle-aged adults. The risks are higher in the following people.

• Among those individuals who are associated with sedentary behavior.
• Among those individuals who consume more salt.
• An elderly person, aged more than 65 years.
• Obese or overweight individuals.

The researchers came to the above conclusion after the conclusion of an analytical study on 1,741 adult patients from the Penn State Adult Cohort. Yun Li, a researcher, says young and middle-aged adults suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (or apnoea) should take the treatment to prevent heart attacks, as obstructive sleep apnea (or apnoea) is a risk factor to blood pressure (BP).

The lead author of the study was Professor Alexandros N Vgontzas, Department of Psychiatry, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and the study was published online in the journal Sleep.

       
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The risk of serious health complications may increase to a patient with diabetes if the blood sugar level is poorly controlled. Even though there are a number of treatment options available for the patient, including insulin, a patient with diabetes may struggle to control blood sugar levels within a normal range.

The researchers at the Duke University Graduate School, Durham, North Carolina, United States have developed a biopolymer, which can replace daily or weekly insulin requirement of the body. This new drug can be injected once or twice per month. The drug can be injected with a normal needle into the body.

A biodegradable gel will be formed in the body when the biopolymer was injected into the body due to the body heat. The drug will be released slowly and steadily from this gel, without showing high and low levels of insulin. The current therapies (such as GLP-1) have enough complaints about the delivery of the drug. This drug can work three times more compared to another form of a drug.

The experiments on rhesus monkeys were successful. The researchers are planning to conduct tests with various animal models. The first author of the study was Kelli Luginbuhl, a student and the senior author of the study was Professor Ashutosh Chilkoti, Biomedical Engineering at the Duke University Graduate School. The study was published in Nature Biomedical Engineering.

       
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A crease or fold in the skin of the earlobe is called a diagonal earlobe crease (DELC) or Frank's sign. A study by the Chinese researchers shows the risk for heart disease of an individual can be linked to the presence of diagonal earlobe crease (called DELCs) and this risk is independent of normal cardiac risk factors.

The researchers have found that patients with diagonal earlobe crease are at a higher risk of coronary artery stenosis compared to an adult without a diagonal earlobe crease. The study has found a significantly higher risk of coronary artery stenosis in individuals with a diagonal earlobe crease (DELCs) or Frank's sign in both ears, when compared to individuals with one or no crease (DELCs). In medical terms, narrowing of the spinal canal is called stenosis.

The researchers have done a long-term follow-up study on 500 adult patients suffering from artery diseases, aged between 36 and 91. Bilateral diagonal earlobe crease (DELC) (or Frank's sign) is more common among the following people.

• Elderly people.
• People suffering from severe coronary artery atherosclerosis.

The current study has found that coronary heart disease can be identified in a simple and practical way with earlobe creases. Further research is required to find out the association between diagonal earlobe creases and coronary heart disease (CHD). Some researchers suggested that a diagonal earlobe crease (DELCs) may be due to impaired circulation of the blood or due to genetics. The study was published in the BMJ.

       
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