Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Heart Diseases  Article 210     Published on July 5, 2017

Obstructive sleep apnea (or apnoea) is associated with diabetes and high blood pressure (BP)

A study by the researchers at the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, United States shows a four-fold increase to high blood pressure (BP), a risk factor to a heart attack with mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea (or apnoea).

Health specialists from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Westchester, Illinois, United States found that a mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea (or apnoea) is associated with almost three times increased risk for diabetes compared with individuals without sleep apnea (or apnoea). They also say young and middle-aged adults are strongly associated with risks with mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea (or apnoea). The risk will be more in following people.

• Among those individuals who are associated with sedentary behavior.
• Among those individuals who consume more salt.
• An older adult aged more than 65 years.
• Obese or overweight individuals.

Researchers came to the above conclusion after conducting an analytical study on 1,741 adult participants from the Penn State Adult Cohort. Yun Li, a researcher, says young and middle-aged adults suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (or apnoea) should take treatment to prevent heart attacks as the condition is a risk factor to high blood pressure (BP). Lead author of the study was Professor Alexandros N Vgontzas, Department of Psychiatry, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and the study findings were published online in the journal Sleep.

       
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Controlling blood sugar levels for weeks with a new Biopolymer injection

The risk for serious complications increases to a patient with diabetes if the blood sugar levels is poorly controlled. Even though there are a number of treatment options available for the patient, including insulin, a patient with diabetes struggle to control blood sugar levels within a normal range.

Researchers at the Duke University Graduate School, Durham, North Carolina, United States have invented an elastin-like polypeptide, a solution, which can replace daily or weekly insulin requirement of the body. This new drug can be injected once or twice per month. The drug can be injected with a normal needle into the body.

A biodegradable gel will be formed in the body with the injected elastin-like polypeptide solution due to the body heat. The drug will be released slowly and steadily from this gel, without showing high and low levels of insulin. Other GLP 1 treatments had trouble in the delivery of the drug. This drug works three times more compared to another form of a drug.

Researchers conducted tests on the rhesus monkey models and they were successful. Researchers are planning to conduct tests on other animal models. The first author of the study was Kelli Luginbuhl, a student and the senior author of the study was Professor Ashutosh Chilkoti, Biomedical Engineering at the Duke University Graduate School. The study was published in the Nature Biomedical Engineering.

       
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Diagonal earlobe crease (DELC) or Frank's sign can help to predict the risk of coronary artery stenosis

A crease or fold in the skin of the earlobe is called a diagonal earlobe crease (DELC) or Frank's sign. A study by Chinese researchers shows the risk for heart disease of an individual can be linked to the presence of diagonal earlobe crease (called DELCs) and this risk is independent of normal cardiac risk factors.

Researchers found that an adult with just one diagonal earlobe crease is at a higher risk of coronary artery stenosis compared to an adult with no diagonal earlobe crease. The study found a significantly higher risk of coronary artery stenosis in individuals with a diagonal earlobe crease (DELCs) or Frank's sign in both ears when compared to individuals with just one or no diagonal earlobe crease (DELCs). In medical terms, narrowing of a body channel is called stenosis.

Researchers followed more than 500 adult patients suffering from artery diseases, aged between 36 and 91. Bilateral diagonal earlobe crease (DELC) or Frank's sign is more common among

• Men.
• Old age people.
• People suffering from severe coronary artery atherosclerosis.

The current study found that the coronary heart disease can be identified in a simple and practical way with DELCs. Further research is required to uncover the association between DELCs and coronary heart disease (CHD). Some researchers suggested that diagonal earlobe crease (DELCs) may be due to impaired circulation or due to genetics. The study findings were published in the BMJ.

       
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