Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Heart Diseases  Article 54     Published on September 12, 2016

Risks To Left Ventricle And Heart Health

A study done by Dr. Genevieve Derumeaux at Henri Mondor Hospital, France shows the development of diabetes during adulthood worsens heart problems and increases erosion of heart function by middle age. The study shows high blood sugar levels due to diabetes damages left ventricle of the heart (bottom left chamber).

       
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Ventricle : Ventricles are large cavities in the heart and they collect and circulate blood in an individual's body. Oxygen-rich blood will be circulated in the body by the bottom left chamber of the heart called left ventricle. The right ventricle in the heart pumps oxygen deficit blood to the lungs. Contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called systole. During this phase, blood ejects into the adjacent chamber of the heart. An electrocardiogram (ECG) can record systole. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a condition in which left ventricle may work hard due to enlargement and thickening of the heart walls (hypertrophy) due to high blood pressure (BP), heart attack, valve disease or heart condition.

Risks With Cortisol (Stress Hormone) And Apnea Or Apnoea

A recent study done by researchers says an individual sleeping during daytime (for more than one hour) will suffer from sleep apnea (or apnoea) and night time sleeping problems. Researchers say daytime nap indicates health problems. Sleeping problems increase stress hormones called cortisol. High levels of cortisol for extended periods of time produces glucose leading to high blood sugar levels and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

       
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Cortisol : Cortisol is life-sustaining adrenal steroid hormone, known as hydrocortisone in medications. It is also called 'the stress hormone'. It is produced in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal glands placed on top of each kidney. This hormone levels keep on changing with time and reaches its highest value at 8 AM and lowest value at 4 AM. This hormone regulates changes in the body following stressful events such as exercise. This hormone regulates

• Body metabolism of fat, carbohydrates and protein to control blood glucose levels
• Immune system response to attacks on the body
• Anti-inflammatory actions
• Blood pressure (BP)
• Heart and blood vessel contraction and degree of constriction
• Activating central nervous system

Extended high levels of cortisol hormone create health problems such as

• Thyroid functionality
• Reduced cognitive performance
• Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels)
• The decrease in the immune system
• Sleeping problems
• High levels of blood pressure (BP)
• Bone density and muscle mass will decrease
• A slowdown in the healing process from cuts, wounds etc
• Weight gain and obesity
• Increase in abdominal fat, which is a major risk factor for heart attacks, strokes, higher "BAD" cholesterol (LDL) levels and lower "GOOD" cholesterol (HDL) levels.

Extended low levels of cortisol hormone create health problems such as

• Problems in brain
• Thyroid functionality
• Hypoglycemia (high blood sugar levels)
• Fatigue
• Low blood pressure (BP)
• The decrease in the immune system

Apnea : Sleep apnea (or apnoea) is a breathing problem during sleep. Breathing may be shallow or pause during sleep and this may happen many times during sleep with duration extending from few seconds to several minutes. As apnea disrupts normal sleep, an individual often feels sleepy or tired during rest of the time. Apnea is associated with increased risk of diseases such as heart attacks, strokes, obesity, diabetes etc. To minimize or treat apnea, an individual needs to

• Stop smoking
• Reducing weight
• Avoid alcohol
• Use breathing devices such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
• Undergo operation

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