Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Heart Diseases  Article 49     Published on August 31, 2016

Vet Tab and Life Tab test strips from GlucoSense

The researchers from Clemson University have developed a cheap and easy to use test strips to check the blood sugar levels.

Kayla Gainey, a Ph.D., student and her bioengineering professor Dr. Delphine Dean have developed a coated paper (named as Life Tab) that changes into different color with a drop of test blood based on the sugar present in the blood. A mobile app can give the blood sugar reading after scanning the picture of the coated paper after the test.

Vet Tab is a coated paper for pets (such as dogs, cats). The Vet Tab uses the salvia of the pet.

An ink-jet printer can print the test strips using enzymes of the company (instead of ink), costing about five cents per print. The researchers have started the Accessible Diagnostics Consulting LLP and they are planning to market the Vet Tab in 2017 and the Life Tab in 2018.

       
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An oral insulin pill based on Cholestosome technology

Medical experts believe that the insulin pill can be coated with a fatty layer to replace the insulin injection.

Scientists led by Prof Mary McCourt, Niagra University, the United States have developed Cholestosome technology to deliver the insulin orally to the targeted area in the body. A cholestosome is a neutral and a lipid-based tiny capsule that contains drugs like insulin. The capsule can pass through the stomach without degrading. The tiny capsule passes through the intestines and into the bloodstream. Cells take it and break it and finally release the insulin. Currently, scientists are conducting a trial on animal models.

The study was presented to the American Chemical Society (ACS).

       
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Benefits of beige fat cells

Scientists first discovered the beige fat cells in 2012. Unlike "WHITE" fat cells which stores fat, beige fat cells burn fat. Scientists found that the beige fat cells have the skill to switch back and forth between a "WHITE" state and a "BROWN" state.

Mitochondria is a specialized structure and a powerhouse of the cell. They present in large number in the cell. Mitochondria perform energy production and respiration (known as cellular respiration). The "WHITE" cell can be turned into "BROWN" cell (an energy-burning state) when a "WHITE" cell is prevented from digesting its own nutrients.

Beige fat cells have the tendency to burn itself and disappear. All mammals have both "WHITE" fat cells and "BROWN" fat cells. Recently scientists have invented a new drug to convert "WHITE" fat cells of the mice into "BEIGE" fat cells with a limited success. The study was published in the online journal Cell Metabolism.

       
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Risk with antibiotics

The number of young children (kids) diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is rising at three percent every year. Cause for the type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the young children (teens) is a mystery.

People are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) when the immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that secretes insulin. If the antibiotics kill the friendly bacteria in the early life, then the baby (or teen) is at higher risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D).

A study by the NYU Langone Medical Center, New York shows some gut microorganisms teaches the immune system not to attack the cells of the body. Researchers say that treatment of type 1 diabetes in children with some gut microorganisms which are good at teaching the immune system not to attack cells is a good idea.

Researchers say that antibiotics could kill friendly bacteria in the stomach and increases the risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in babies and toddlers. The six weeks of life of mice will translate into the 30 months of life of humans.

Researchers compared the health of two groups of mice models from a young age. One group of mice models were administered with several doses of antibiotics and another without any antibiotics. The study shows that three doses of antibiotics to the mice by the age of six weeks can double the risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared with the mice not taking antibiotics.

Researchers link the health problems such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), obesity, asthma and digestive problems to the use of antibiotics. The study was published in the journal Nature Microbiology.

       
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